Source: substitue notes based on research done from books and online ...
Allspice: replace allspice with a mix of equal parts nutmeg + cinnamon + clove
Balsamic Vinegar: replace 1 tbsp balsamic vinegar with a mix of 1 tbsp apple cider vinegar ? red wine vinegar + 1/2 tsp sugar
Beer Substitute: replace light beer with chicken broth / gingle ale / whit grape juice; replace dark beer with beef broth / chicken broth / mushroom stock / apple juice / apple cider / root beer / coke; replace beer used as tenderizer with soda substitute.
Beef / Chicken Broth: replace beef / chicken broth with a mix of 1 cup of boil water + 1 stock cube / 1 tsp stock granules, equal amount
Cardamon: replace cardamon with a mix of equal parts cinnamon + nutmeg; OR equal parts cinnamon + ginger; OR equal parts cinnamon + ground cloves
Celery Salt: replace celery salt with a mix of 1 part clery seed + 2 part salt, use a grinder, mprtar or food processor.
Clove Ground: replace cloves ground with allspice / cinnamon / nutmeg, equal amount
Cornstarch: replace cornstarch with all purpose flour, double the ampunt; OR replace cornstarch with tapioca starch, equal amount; OR replace cornstarch with arrowroot starch, equal amount
Cumin: replace cumin with ground coriander / carraway seeds / chilli powder
Garlic Salt: replace garlic salt with amix of 3 parts salt + 1 part garlic powder
Ginger Ground: replace 1/4 tsp ginger ground with 1 tbsp fresh ginger; OR allspice / cinnamon / mace / nutmeg, equal amount.
Lemon Juice: replace lemon juice with white vinegar, half the amount
Mace: replace mace with nutmeg / allspice / cinnamon / ginger, equal amount.
Nutmeg: replace nutmegwith mace / cinnamon / allspice / ginger / ground clove, equal amount
Nuts: replace nuts with oats / crisp rice cereal / granola, equal amount
Pumpkin Pie Spice: replace pumpkin pie spice with a mix of 4 tsp ground cinnamon + 2 tsp ground ginger + 1 tsp ground nutmeg + 1 tsp ground allspice.
Red Wine: replace red wine with beef broth / unsweetened cranberry juice / red grape juice, equal measure
Soy Sauce: replace soy sauce with a mix of 2 tbsp reduce sodium beef broth + 1 tbsp red wine vinegar
Tomato Sauce: replace tomato sauce with a mix of 1 part tomato paste + 1 part water, blend well, season to tatste
Tomato Juice: replace tomato Juice with 1 part tomato sauce + 1 part water; OR 1 part tomato paste + 4 parts water, blend well
Vinegar: replace vinegar with lemon juice, double the amount
White Wine: replace white wine with chicken broth / apple juice / apple cider / white grape juice / gingle ale / water, equal amount
Wine: replace wine with chicken / beef broth, for savoury dishes; OR apple juice / apple cider / grape juice, for sweet dishes
